Charging system

 Circuit diagram of the charging system and the test carried out while the alternator is in the car

CHARGING SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ANG ON VEHICLE INSPECTION

A- Connecting a voltage regulator (VOLTAGE REGULATOR) to the six diode alternator.. 

 

Diagram A below shows how the six-diode alternator is connected to the charging regulator through the ignition switch. Here, the stator is wrapped in star connection, and in this star connection, there are three phase terminals, one phase alternating current and one neutral terminal. but the NEUTRAL terminal is not used here and only the three PHASE terminals are rectified using six power diodes. The simple current taken out from this is charged by the voltage regulator by maintaining a voltage between 13.8V-14.8V.

B- Connecting the voltage regulator to the diode and alternator.

The chart B below shows that the NEUTRAL terminal of the above six diode alternator is utilized and two additional power diodes are used to utilize the NEUTRAL terminal. This voltage overcomes the voltage between the phase terminals. This energy of the six-diode alternator is lost as heat in the stator itself, and the NEUTRAL terminal of the modern alternators is also used. The NEUTRAL terminal of the modern alternators is also connected to the main heat sink by using two power diodes, and the resistance of the alternator is 15%. by have been able to increase.

Below is how to check the alternator and voltage regulator in the vehicle. It is described here in the order of numbers mentioned in the notes.

In the previously published oscillator article, many people asked how to connect the CUTOUT type voltage regulator to the oscillator, so this has been prepared in a way that suits them and those who wish to study this field.

The lyrics here are taken from the book and they own the rights to them.

Inspection of parts of the charging system

1-
    BATTERY GRAVITY

Standard specific gravity value should be 1.270 at temperature 20°c(68°f). A HYDRO METER should be used to measure the HYDRO METER and the battery charge condition should be checked by measuring the voltage in batteries that are difficult to measure the HYDRO METER. 1.270 12.6v 100% 1.230 12.4v 75% 1.190 12.2v 50% 1.145 12.0v 25%

1.100 11.9v 0%






2- Check battery terminals, battery posts for loosening, sulphing or fraying

When testing by placing the voltmeter between the battery terminal and the battery post, it should be 0v. If the voltage is higher than 0v, then there is a resistance between the battery terminal and the battery post, so clean it well and apply a type of grease containing graphite and fix it.

3- Tension in Alternator Belt-

When a 10kg (22lb) force is applied to the belt there should be a tension of 8mm - 12mm (0.31in - 0.47in). If there is no man to check the belt, the belt should not be twisted more than 1/4 turn when turning by hand.

4- FUSE-

Check the fuse and remove the weak fuse and replace with a new fuse of the appropriate amperage.

5- Check the condition of the wires between the alternator and the voltage regulator

6- While the alternator is in the vehicle, start the engine and check if there is any unusual noise coming from the alternator.

7- Disconnect the wire from the B+ terminal of the alternator and connect the ammeter meter to it and connect the voltmeter in parallel to the alternator.

8- NO-LOAD PERFORMANCE TEST
     NO-LOAD PERFORMANCE TEST

* Turn off the auxiliary electrical devices of the car
* Start the engine and gradually increase the engine speed from IDLING SPEED to 2000 rpm and measure the voltage and current at that time.

Standard voltage 13.8v - 14.8v
current should be less than 10 amps (10A).

                   DIAGNOSIS

9- If the voltage reading decreases

* Smaller point spacing of voltage regulator armature.
* The pointy spacing on the HIGH SPEED side is much smaller.
* HIGH SPEED SIDE POINTS SPLITTING
* LOW SPEED SIDE POINTS CONNECTING PRESSURE WEAKNESS.
* Pointy connection faults on the low speed side.

10- Voltage instability or frequent changes

 

* Contamination or slight burning of the regulator points of the generator.
* Defective contact of F terminal.

11- When the voltage reading increases.

* Wider range of armature points of voltage regulator.
* Wider point spacing on the HIGH SPEED side.
* Higher resistance value between contacts on HIGH SPEED side.
* Open circuit in voltage regulator coil or voltage relay coil.
*Increased pressure connecting points on LOW SPEED side.
* Defective ground connection of generator regulator.
* Disconnect the leads at the N and B terminals of the regulator

12- When the ammeter reading is greater than ten amperes (10A),

* Battery draining.
* Presence of an internal tracking (INTERNAL SHORT) of the battery.

LOAD PERFORMANCE TEST
LOAD PERFORMANCE TEST

13- Turn on the HIGH BEAM of the main lights and race the engine to 1100 rpm and read the ampere meter.

The rated current of the ammeter should be more than 30 amperes.
The voltage should be between 13.8v - 14.8v.
If the battery is fully charged, remove the spark plug wires from the engine and run the starter motor for 5-10 seconds to discharge the battery.

14- If the ammeter reading is less than 30 amperes,

* The rectifier system is open circuited.
* The rectifier system is shorted.
* Stator coil is open circuit (OPEN CIRCUIT) or short circuit (SHORT CIRCUIT).

As the article is getting longer, look forward to future articles on testing an alternator with an alternator tester/ removing and installing an alternator correctly and testing a CUTOUT type voltage regulator. 

Asitha lakshan